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Explore how the traumatic event has affected your beliefs about yourself, others, and the world.

A formulation based on Ehlers and Clark's cognitive model of PTSD — mapping the nature of the trauma memory, negative appraisals, sense of current threat, and the maintaining strategies.

Practise and record the use of grounding techniques when experiencing flashbacks, dissociation, or overwhelming emotions.

Identify triggers that activate trauma memories and systematically compare the original trauma context with the present reality to reduce flashback intensity.

Prepare for trauma reliving sessions and process the experience afterwards — tracking hotspots, emotions, and updated meanings.

Identify the "hotspot" moments in a trauma memory — the moments of peak emotion — and work on updating their personal meaning.

Identify and challenge stuck points — the unhelpful beliefs about the trauma and its aftermath that maintain PTSD symptoms.

Track PTSD symptoms across the four DSM-5 clusters — intrusion, avoidance, negative cognitions and mood, and arousal and reactivity — to monitor progress through treatment.

Prepare for a visit to the trauma site, record predictions, and process the experience afterwards to update the trauma memory.

Identify valued activities lost to PTSD and plan a graded return to engagement with life.

Write a structured impact statement exploring how the trauma has affected your beliefs about safety, trust, power, esteem, and intimacy.

The PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) is a 20-item self-report measure assessing the 20 DSM-5 symptoms of PTSD. Each item is rated 0-4, producing a total score of 0-80. Used as the IAPT ADSM for PTSD.

The Impact of Event Scale — Revised (IES-R) is a 22-item measure of post-traumatic stress symptoms. Each item is rated 0-4, producing a total score of 0-88. Subscales: Intrusion, Avoidance, and Hyperarousal.

Prepare for and process an imagery rescripting session — recording the original image, its meaning, and the rescripted version.